CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4  CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8  CHAPTER 9  CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12 CHAPTER 13 CHAPTER 14 100 action

• Identify the major tenets of authoritarian educational theories of perennialism, essentialism, behaviorism, and positivism.
• Identify the major tenets of nonauthoritarian educational theories of progressivism, reconstructivism, humanism, and constructivism.
• Compare authoritarian and nonauthoritarian educational theories.
• Relate educational theories to learning and curriculum development.
• State the relationship of progressivism to democracy and society.
• Relate the tenets of critical pedagogy to societal change.
  

OUTLINE

• See Table 10.1 on page 337 - Educational Implications of Philosophy
  

TEACHER-CENTERED LOCUS-OF-CONTROL EDUCATIONAL THEORIES, pages 338-347

• Perennialism: an educational theory that focuses on enduring principles of knowledge; nature, human nature, and the underlying principles of existence are considered constant, undergoing little change.
• See an example of a perennialist class activity on page 339.
• Essentialism: an educational theory that holds that there is a common core of information and skills that an educated person must have; schools should be organized to transmit this core of essential material.
• See an example of an essentialist class activity on page 343.
• Behaviorism: a psychological theory that asserts that behaviors represent the essence of a person and that all behaviors can be explained as responses to stimuli.
• See an example of a behaviorist class activity on page 344.
• Positivism: a social theory that limits truth and knowledge to what is observable and measurable.
• See an example of a positivist class activity on page 346.
  

STUDENT-CENTERED LOCUS-OF-CONTROL EDUCATIONAL THEORIES, pages 347-356

• Progressivism: an educational theory that emphasizes that ideas should be tested by experimentation and that learning is rooted in questions developed by the learner.
• See an example of a progressivist class activity on page 348.
• Reconstructionism: an educational theory that calls on schools to teach people to control institutions and to be organized according to basic democratic ideals.
• See an example of a reconstructionist class activity on page 350.
• Humanism: an educational theory that contends that humans are innately good--that they are born free but become enslaved by institutions.
• See an example of an humanist class activity on page 351.
• Constructivism: an educational theory that emphasizes hands-on, activity-based teaching and learning during which students develop their own frames of thought.
• See an example of a constructivist class activity on page 355.