Chapter 9
 

CHAPTER 9 USING RECENT HISTORY TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING

CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4 
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
CHAPTER 8 
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 13
CHAPTER 14
CHAPTER 15
100 Action Principles
GED 2103

 

OBJECTIVES
Learning outcomes - after reading the chapter, you will be able to:

  • Interpret the rapid growth of the educational enterprise in the United States
  • Explain the consolidation of schools, the resultant growth of school busing, expanding budgets, and curricular explosion over the past sixty years.
  • Articulate the complexity of the educational enterprise in the United States.
  • List and elaborate the significant recent trends in United States education
 

More Students and Bigger Schools

 OUTLINE

The Rapid Growth of the Educational Enterprise

  • The single most dramatic change in education is the sheer expansion in size of the educational enterprise. 
  • Therefore, need for more schools and more teachers.
School District Consolidation, pages 343-345
  • One room schools to today - see table 9.1 on page 344.
  • Growth of busing. 
  • Bigger school budgets. 
  • Read debate on page 346.
Growth of Programs, pages 345-351
  • As enrollment increased and schools became larger, more diverse curriculum and programs developed in US schools. 
  • World affairs affect growth, 1958 the Soviet Union launched Sputnik. Therefore, federal govt. gave more money for science education. 
  • Growth of special education programs. Previously, teachers did the best they could for students with disabilities. Not until the govt. pasted Public Law 94-142, the Education for Handicapped Children Act, did schools begin to develop well-designed programs for students with disabilities. 
  • Asian American education: during WWII the US place more than 100,000 Japanese Americans in internment camps. It was not until 1990 that the govt. apologized. 
  • Hispanic American education: many Hispanics have added to educational history. Rafael Cordero, a self-taught free black Hispanic, established an early (1810) school in Puerto Rico. George Sanchez in 1923 began teaching in on-room schools at the age of 16!
A Developing Profession The Increasing Complexity of the Educational Enterprise, pages 351-357
  • Federal govt. has played an important role in education. 
  • GI Bill of 1944 provided for the education of veterans of WWII. In 1966, another GI Bill for veterans of the Vietnam War. 
  • National Science Foundation, in 1950, emphasized the need for continued support of basic scientific research. 
  • National Defense Education Ace of 1958, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, Project Head Start, Upward Bound. 
  • The past half-century has also been characterized by an increasing struggle for equal educational opportunity for all children. 
  • Professionalization of teaching. 
  • Continued importance of private schools. 
  • Home schooling.
  • Evolution of educational assessment.
NEW EMPHASES IN EDUCATION, pages 358-367
  • Analysis of teaching: procedures used to enable teachers to critique thier own performance in the classroom.
  • Effective teaching: a movement to improve teaching performance based on the outcomes of educational research.
  • Cognitive development: a learner's acquisition of facts, concepts, and principles through mental activity.
  • Behavioral theory: a theory that considers the outward behavior of students to be the main target for change.
  • See table 9.1 on page 364 for States' progress toward meeting education goals.
  • Summary on pages 366-367

 
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